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Do not capitalize the words from which an acronym or initialism is derived (see , Abbreviations).prostate-specific antigen (PSA) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Exception: When the words that form the acronym or initialism are proper names, use capitals as described in , Proper Nouns, Official Names: National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) When there has been a “stretch” to create a study name or the name of a writing group that makes sense, is easy to say, and somehow relates to the name of the group, but where the first letters of the major words do not match the acronym, do Less

Use initial capitals with computer commands, functions, or features.Please do not press the Back button on your browser until we have finished processing your request. Enter one or more search terms and click Go. Items in the History folder will be deleted after 90 days. The word email takes a lowercase letter in JAMA and Archives Journals style except when it starts a sentence.Please send email messages to my work address. Email submissions are preferred. | Less

When used as specific designations within a particular article, with or without numerals, capitalize Table, Tables, Figure, and Figures.summarized in Table 2 as seen in the Table the middle third of the basilar artery (Figure 2) Do not capitalize the following words, even when used as specific designators, unless used as part of a heading or title:But: Step I diet, Schedule II drug, and Axis I of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition) | Less

With eponyms, capitalize the proper name but not the common nouns that follow it. Most common words derived from proper nouns are not capitalized. In general, follow the current edition of Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary or Dorland’s Illustrated Medical Dictionary (for medical terms). | Less

Capitalize the names of historical and special events, historical periods, and awards (but not common nouns that may follow the names). Capitalize the official names of awards and specific parts of laws and bills, but follow the official name (as in the lowercase w in Americans with Disabilities Act). | Less

The first word of every complete sentence should be capitalized. The following should also be capitalized: ▪ The first word of a formal statement that follows a colon Our conclusions may be stated thus: More research is needed. ▪ The first word of a direct quotation (but see , Punctuation, Quotation Marks, Quotations)The report noted: “A candidate may be admitted after completing 2 years of medical school.” Kurt Vonnegut put it best when he said, “Writers can treat their mental illnesses every day.” Note: If the quotation is run into the sentence, a lowercase letter on the first word may Less

Capitalize names of cities, towns, counties, states, countries, continents, islands, airports, peninsulas, bodies of water, mountains and mountain ranges, streets, parks, forests, canyons, dams, and regions. If a common noun is capitalized in the singular, it is generally not capitalized in the plural.Atlantic and Pacific oceans Kennedy and Eisenhower expressways Mississippi and Missouri rivers Compass directions are not capitalized unless they are generally accepted terms for regions.There is a large time difference between Europe and the Far East. Walk east until you arrive at the lake. There is no party like a West Coast party because a West Coast party Less

In titles, subtitles, table headings, and text headings, do not capitalize the second part of a hyphenated compound in the following instances: ▪ If either part is a hyphenated prefix or suffix (see Temporary Compounds in , Punctuation, Hyphens and Dashes, Hyphen)Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs Self-referral to Psychiatrists [compound words with the prefix self- are considered one word] Intra-abdominal Surgery ▪ If both parts together constitute a single word (consult the current edition of Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary or Stedman's or Dorland's medical dictionary)Long-term Treatment of Diabetes Follow-up Studies of Patients With Leukemia Part-time Nursing Staff How to Interpret X-ray Films However, Less

JAMA and the Archives Journals capitalize trade names according to the spelling of the legal trademarks, even if they begin with a lowercase letter and contain a capitalized letter.She sold her collection of vintage hats on eBay. Data were processed in the field on iBook computers (Apple, Cupertino, California). Avoid starting a sentence with one of these trade names. It is almost always preferable to reword the sentence so that it begins with a word that takes an initial capital letter, while retaining the preferred spelling of the trade name. | Less