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Case Series
Margaret A. Winker and Stephen J. Lurie
in AMA Manual of Style: A Guide for Authors and Editors (10th edition)
A case series describes characteristics of a group of patients with a particular disease or patients who have undergone a particular procedure. A case series may also involve observation of larger ...
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Case-Control Studies
Margaret A. Winker and Stephen J. Lurie
in AMA Manual of Style: A Guide for Authors and Editors (10th edition)
Case-control studies, which are always retrospective, compare those who have had an outcome or event () with those who have not (). Cases and controls are then evaluated for exposure to various and ...
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Cohort Studies
Margaret A. Winker and Stephen J. Lurie
in AMA Manual of Style: A Guide for Authors and Editors (10th edition)
A prospective cohort study follows a group or of individuals who are initially free of the outcome of interest. Individuals in a cohort generally share some underlying characteristic, such as age, ...
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Observational Studies
Margaret A. Winker and Stephen J. Lurie
in AMA Manual of Style: A Guide for Authors and Editors (10th edition)
In an observational study, the researcher identifies a condition or outcome of interest and then measures factors that may be related to that outcome. Although observational studies cannot lead to ...
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