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The following academic degrees are abbreviated in bylines and in the text when used with the full name of a person. (See also , Names and Titles of Persons.) In some circumstances, however, use of the abbreviation alone is acceptable (eg, Katharine is a doctor of medicine and also holds a PhD in biochemistry). (See also , Plurals, Abbreviations.)Generally, US fellowship designations (eg, FACP, FAAN, FACS) and honorary designations (eg, PhD[Hon]) are not used in bylines. In contrast, non-US designations such as the British FRCP and the Canadian FRCPC (attained through a series of qualifying examinations) should be listed in ...Less

An accent mark (diacritic), when added to a letter, indicates a phonetic value different from that of the unmarked letter. English words once spelled with accent marks (eg, cooperate, preeminent) now are written and printed without them. Consult the most recent edition of Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary to resolve questions about whether a word should retain its accent. In general, English words in common usage should be spelled without diacritical marks.Accent marks should always be retained in the following instances: ▪ Proper names Dr Bönneman is a Pew Scholar in the Biomedical Sciences.▪ When it is desirable to show the correct ...Less

Some journals include the date of the manuscript’s acceptance; others include the date of manuscript submission, the date the revision was received, and the date accepted. Examples are shown below: Accepted for Publication: December 16, 2006. Submitted for Publication: November 22, 2004; final revision received May 13, 2005; accepted May 23, 2005. ...Less

Spell out numbers for generally accepted usage, such as idiomatic expressions. One frequently appears in running text without referring to a quantity per se and may appear awkward if expressed as a numeral. When one may be replaced by a or a single without changing the meaning, the word one rather than the numeral is usually appropriate. Other numbers, most often zero, two, and large rounded numbers, also may be written as words in circumstances in which use of the numeral would place an unintended emphasis on a precise quantity or would be confusing.Any one of the 12 individuals might ...Less

For all reports, regardless of funding source, containing original data (research and systematic reviews), at least 1 named author should indicate that she or he “had full access to all of the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis” (see also , Authorship Responsibility, Authorship: Definition, Criteria, Contributions, and Requirements). This responsibility can vest with the principal investigator, the corresponding author, or the article’s guarantor. While in some research groups, particularly small ones, all authors may have access to all of the data, it is usually not ...Less

The ICMJE recommends that editors request authors of studies funded by companies or agencies with proprietary or financial interests in the study outcomes to sign a statement indicating that they had access to all of the data and can vouch for the integrity of the data analyses. For example, for all reports containing original data, JAMA and some of the Archives Journals require at least 1 author (eg, the principal investigator) who is independent of any commercial funder to indicate that she or he “had full access to all of the data in the study and takes responsibility for the ...Less

Journals should send a notice to authors to acknowledge receipt of their manuscripts and provide names and contact information of relevant editorial staff. For journals with Web-based manuscript submission systems, acknowledgment letters may be sent automatically, usually after an author has viewed the submission and confirmed that it is complete. ...Less

In the Acknowledgment, authors identify important sources of financial and material support and assistance and give credit to all persons who have made substantial contributions to the work but who are not authors., Contributions commonly recognized in an acknowledgment include the following: General advice, guidance, or supervisionCritical review of the manuscriptCritical review of study proposal, design, or methodsData collectionData analysisStatistical assistance or adviceTechnical assistance or adviceResearch assistance or adviceWriting assistanceEditorial assistanceBibliographic assistanceClerical assistanceManuscript preparationFinancial supportMaterial supportGrant supportAcknowledgments should identify anyone who has made substantial intellectual contributions to manuscripts but does not meet the criteria for authorship, including medical writers and ...Less