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Capitalize the official titles of organizations, businesses, conferences, congresses, institutions, and governmental agencies. Do not capitalize the conjunctions, articles, or prepositions of 3 or fewer letters contained within these names. For names of institutions, do not capitalize the unless it is part of the official title. But: the board of trustees, the boards of health, the company, congressional reports, a congresswoman, the federal government, the navy, US senatorsOften when referring to themselves and their officers in abbreviated form, institutions and organizations use initial capitals for titles. We prefer lowercasing such generic terms. For example, JAMA and the Archives Journals use ...Less

Capitalize the formal name of a genus when used in the singular, with or without a species name. Capitalize formal genus names but not traditional plural generic designations (eg, streptococci) or derived adjectives (streptococcal) (see also , Plurals, Microorganisms). Do not capitalize the name of a species, variety, or subspecies. Do capitalize phylum, class, order, or family (see , Nomenclature, Organisms and Pathogens). For capitalization of virus names, see , Nomenclature, Organisms and Pathogens, Virus and Prion Nomenclature. ...Less

Proper nouns are words used as names for unique individuals, events, objects, or places.Capitalize names of cities, towns, counties, states, countries, continents, islands, airports, peninsulas, bodies of water, mountains and mountain ranges, streets, parks, forests, canyons, dams, and regions.If a common noun is capitalized in the singular, it is generally not capitalized in the plural.Atlantic and Pacific oceans Kennedy and Eisenhower expressways Mississippi and Missouri riversCompass directions are not capitalized unless they are generally accepted terms for regions.There is a large time difference between Europe and the Far East. Walk east until you arrive at the lake. There is no ...Less

Capitalize trademarks and proprietary names of drugs and brand names of manufactured products and equipment. Do not capitalize generic names or descriptive terms.The patient had swallowed 46 tablets of acetaminophen (Tylenol; Johnson & Johnson, New Brunswick, New Jersey) and was treated for acetaminophen overdose.All references to exact brand names must be verified and include the city and state or country of the manufacturer. (See also , Nomenclature, Equipment, Devices, and Reagents.) The trademark and copyright symbols are not used in JAMA and Archives Journals style. ...Less

Do not capitalize the names of the seasons. Do capitalize the names of specific deities and manifestations.Capitalize recognized holidays and calendar events. ...

Capitalize names of languages, nationalities, ethnicities, political parties, religions, and religious denominations. Do not capitalize political doctrines (conservative, progressive). Do not capitalize white or black as a designation of race.African American an Arab man the Berbers the Catholic Church (but: a Methodist church, First Methodist Church) English language Ethiopian food the French Hispanic population Indian American community of Italian heritage Latina girls Native American Protestant Sanskrit Although she has been a member of the Republican party for years, at one time she was a Democrat. This legislation endorses the principles of democracy in our republican form of government. ...Less

The exact and complete titles of tests and subscales of tests should be capitalized. The word test is not usually capitalized except when it is part of the official name of the test. Always verify exact names of any tests with the author or with reference sources. ...Less

Capitalize a person’s title when it precedes the person’s name but not when it follows the name.Committee Chair Lawrence Mandelbaum led the meeting. At the meeting, Lawrence Mandelbaum was named committee chair.Capitalize academic degrees when abbreviated but not when written out.Irene Briggs, MA Irene Briggs received her master’s degree from the University of Pennsylvania. ...Less

UPDATE: Effective January 18, 2012, our preference for "Web site" will be changed to a preference for "website." (Section 10.2, page 372 in the print.) We will also use "webcast" for "webcam." Caps will be retained on mention of World Wide Web, however. This change was made January 18, 2012.Capitalize major words in titles, subtitles, and headings of publications, musical compositions, plays (stage and screen), radio and television programs, movies, paintings and other works of art, software programs, websites and weblogs, electronic systems, trademarks, and names of ships, airplanes, spacecraft, awards, corporations, and monuments.Do not capitalize a coordinating conjunction, an ...Less

Titles of articles take initial capitals when they are in the title position but not when they are in the reference position.In titles and headings, capitalize 2-letter verbs, such as go, do, am, is, be. Note: In infinitives, “to” is not capitalized. Do not capitalize a coordinating conjunction, article, or preposition of 3 or fewer letters, except when it is the first word in the title or subtitle.What Is Sarcoma? We Do Need to Treat Mild Hypertension Where the World Will Be in the Year 2020 Defining the Role of Computed Tomography in Injuries Resulting From Blunt Abdominal Trauma Cardiovascular ...Less