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At the same time as the manuscript editing and composition of articles for an issue are proceeding, advertisements are scheduled for specific issues, and possibly for specific positions in an issue (eg, back cover or facing the table of contents). Advertising sales and placement should be administratively separate from all editorial functions to ensure that there is no influence by an advertiser on any editorial decisions. As stated by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors, editors must have full and final authority for approving advertisements and enforcing advertising policies. Staff members responsible for issue makeup should ensure that there ...Less

Online ads are not restricted by the physical limits of a printed page. For example, a user can increase the type size of the prescribing information that appears in small type in print pharmaceutical ads. Ads can rotate, expand, be animated, or pop up on a screen without the user’s request. An ad for a particular drug, product, or service can be hyperlinked to the manufacturer or provider’s website. In addition, ads can be targeted for specific users or a specific user experience. The standards for protecting editorial integrity of print publications apply to advertising in online publications and other ...Less

An advertorial is an ad that imitates editorial content or presents content in an editorial-like format, such as using text, tables, or figures in a manner similar to the journal’s editorial content. During the early 1990s, following a decline in the biomedical advertising market, advertorials became more common. The ASME developed guidelines for special advertising sections, which may help a publication maintain its integrity if it publishes advertorials (see Table ).Companies may submit advertisements that provide information on a topic pertaining to a product the company markets (or plans to market) but that do not name any commercial product. It ...Less

Limited space on the first page of an article may sometimes not allow the author affiliation footnote to appear on the first page. If the author affiliation footnote does not fit there, it would appear at the end of the article, after the acceptance date and the online-publication-ahead-of-print information, if applicable. ...Less

Discrimination based on age (young or old) is ageism. Because the term elderly connotes a stereotype, avoid using it as a noun. When referring to the entire population of elderly persons, use of the elderly may be appropriate (as in the impact of prescription drug costs on the elderly, for example). Otherwise, terms such as older persons, older people, elderly patients, geriatric patients, older adults, older patients, aging adults, persons 65 years and older, or the older population are preferred.Note: In studies that involve human beings, age should always be given specifically. Researchers in geriatrics may use defined terms for ...Less

Use specific terminology to refer to persons' age. See also , Inclusive Language, Age.Neonates or newborns are persons from birth to 1 month of age.Infants are children aged 1 month to 1 year (12 months).Children are persons aged 1 to 12 years. Sometimes, children may be used more broadly to encompass persons from birth to 12 years of age. These persons may also be referred to as boys or girls.Adolescents are persons aged 13 through 17 years. They may also be referred to as teenagers or as adolescent boys or adolescent girls, depending on context.Adults are persons aged 18 years ...Less

Many organizations (eg, academies, associations, government agencies, research institutes) are known by abbreviations or acronyms rather than by their full names. Some of these organizations have identical abbreviations (eg, AHA for both American Heart Association and American Hospital Association). Therefore, to avoid confusion, the names of all organizations should be expanded at first mention in the text and other major elements of the manuscript, with the abbreviation following immediately in parentheses, in accordance with the guidelines offered in , Clinical, Technical, and Other Common Terms.The article the is often used with abbreviated forms of agencies and organizations (eg, the UN, ...Less

In the case of a manuscript under consideration that is not yet published in which fabrication, falsification, or plagiarism is suspected, the editor should ask the corresponding author for a written explanation. If an explanation is not provided or is unsatisfactory, the editor should contact the author’s institutional authority (ie, dean, director, ethical conduct/research integrity officer) or governmental agency with jurisdiction to investigate allegations of scientific misconduct to request an investigation. In all such communications with authors and institutional authorities, the editor should take care to maintain confidentiality and should follow the same procedures described in , Editorial Policy and ...Less

Cases may arise in which an allegation requires the journal editor to have access to the data on which the manuscript or article in question was based. JAMA's authorship statement includes the following language: If requested, I shall produce the data on which the manuscript is based for examination by the editors or their assignees.For discussion of reasonable time limits for which authors should keep their data, see , Intellectual Property: Ownership, Access, Rights, and Management, Ownership and Control of Data.If an author refuses a request for access to the original data, or if the author or the author’s institution ...Less

Alphabetization in indexes begins with the first letter of the term, eg, G periodG phaseG proteinCommas precede letters in sorting order (examples from Thomas).cold, commoncold agglutinin disease Vibrio, noncholeraVibrio cholerae infectionOther punctuation is ignored. Omsk hemorrhagic fever virusO'nyong-nyong virusFor entries that are identical except for case, choose whether uppercase or lowercase will take precedence in sorting and be consistent throughout the index. abl1, 99, 106 110Abl1, 95, 100 103 Brca1, 112BRCA1, 54, 804 809When an identifier in parentheses is used to clarify similar terms, the identifier may be included in sorting (follow house style).Abl1 (mouse gene), 95, 100 103Abl1 (mouse ...Less