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- 1 Types of Articles (9)
- 2 Manuscript Preparation (50)
- 2.1 Titles and Subtitles. (8)
- 2.2 Bylines and End-of-Text Signatures. (5)
- 2.3 Footnotes to Title Page. (4)
- 2.4 Running Foot. (3)
- 2.5 Abstract. (4)
- 2.6 Keywords. (1)
- 2.7 Epigraphs. (1)
- 2.8 Parts of a Manuscript, Headings, Subheadings, and Side Headings. (4)
- 2.9 Addenda. (1)
- 2.10 Acknowledgment Section. (16)
- 2.10.1 Acceptance Date. (1)
- 2.10.2 Online Publication Ahead of Print. (1)
- 2.10.3 Affiliation Notes That Would Not Fit on Page 1. (1)
- 2.10.4 Correspondence Address. (1)
- 2.10.5 Author Contributions. (1)
- 2.10.6 List of Participants in a Group Study. (1)
- 2.10.7 Financial Disclosure. (1)
- 2.10.8 Funding/Support. (1)
- 2.10.9 Role of the Sponsor. (1)
- 2.10.10 Independent Statistical Analysis. (1)
- 2.10.11 Disclaimer. (1)
- 2.10.12 Previous Presentations. (1)
- 2.10.13 Additional Information (Miscellaneous Acknowledgments). (1)
- 2.10.14 Additional Contributions. (1)
- 2.10.15 Preferred Citation Format. (1)
- 2.11 Appendixes. (1)
- 2.12 Online-Only (Supplementary) Material. (1)
- 3 References (47)
- 3.1 Reference Style and the Uniform Requirements. (1)
- 3.2 Reference List. (1)
- 3.3 References Given in Text. (1)
- 3.4 Minimum Acceptable Data for References. (1)
- 3.5 Numbering. (1)
- 3.6 Citation. (1)
- 3.7 Authors. (1)
- 3.8 Prefixes and Particles. (1)
- 3.9 Titles. (5)
- 3.10 Subtitles. (1)
- 3.11 References to Print Journals. (1)
- 3.12 References to Print Books. (1)
- 3.13 Special Print Materials. (12)
- 3.13.1 Newspapers. (1)
- 3.13.2 Government or Agency Bulletins. (1)
- 3.13.3 Serial Publications. (1)
- 3.13.4 Theses and Dissertations. (1)
- 3.13.5 Special Collections. (1)
- 3.13.6 Package Inserts. (1)
- 3.13.7 Patents. (1)
- 3.13.8 Unpublished Material. (1)
- 3.13.9 Personal Communications. (1)
- 3.13.10 Secondary Citations and Quotations (Including Press Releases). (1)
- 3.13.11 Classical References. (1)
- 3.14 Other Media. (1)
- 3.15 Electronic References. (13)
- 3.15.1 Online Journals. (1)
- 3.15.2 Books and Books on CD-ROM. (1)
- 3.15.3 Websites. (1)
- 3.15.4 Online Newspapers. (1)
- 3.15.5 Government/Organization Reports. (1)
- 3.15.6 Software. (1)
- 3.15.7 Software Manual or Guide. (1)
- 3.15.8 Databases. (1)
- 3.15.9 E-mail and E-mail List (Listserve) Messages. (1)
- 3.15.10 Online Conference Proceedings/Presentations. (1)
- 3.15.11 News Releases and Miscellaneous (1)
- 3.15.12 Legal References. (1)
- 3.16 US Legal References. (4)
- 4 Visual Presentation of Data (26)
- 4.1 Tables. (10)
- 4.2 Figures. (12)
- 4.2.1 Statistical Graphs (1)
- 4.2.2 Diagrams (1)
- 4.2.3 Maps. (1)
- 4.2.4 Illustrations. (1)
- 4.2.5 Photographs and Clinical Imaging. (1)
- 4.2.6 Components of Figures. (1)
- 4.2.7 Titles, Legends, and Labels. (1)
- 4.2.8 Placement of Figures in the Text. (1)
- 4.2.9 Figures Reproduced or Adapted From Other Sources. (1)
- 4.2.10 Guidelines for Preparing and Submitting Figures. (1)
- 4.2.11 Consent for Identifiable Patients. (1)
- 4.3 Nontabular Material. (3)
- 5 Ethical and Legal Considerations (108)
- 5.1 Authorship Responsibility. (8)
- 5.1.1 Authorship: Definition, Criteria, Contributions, and Requirements. (1)
- 5.1.2 Guest and Ghost Authors. (1)
- 5.1.3 Unsigned Editorials, Anonymous Authors, Pseudonymous Authors. (1)
- 5.1.4 Number of Authors. (1)
- 5.1.5 Order of Authorship. (1)
- 5.1.6 Changes in Authorship. (1)
- 5.1.7 Group and Collaborative Authorship. (1)
- 5.2 Acknowledgments. (10)
- 5.2.1 Acknowledging Support, Assistance, and Contributions of Those Who Are Not Authors. (1)
- 5.2.2 Group and Collaborative Author Lists. (1)
- 5.2.3 Author Contributions. (1)
- 5.2.4 Authors' Conflicts of Interests and Financial Disclosures. (1)
- 5.2.5 Access to Data Statement. (1)
- 5.2.6 Funding and Role of Sponsors. (1)
- 5.2.7 Acknowledgment Elements and Order of Elements. (1)
- 5.2.8 Permission to Name Individuals. (1)
- 5.2.9 Personal Communication and Credit Lines. (1)
- 5.3 Duplicate Publication. (3)
- 5.4 Scientific Misconduct. (8)
- 5.4.1 Misrepresentation: Fabrication, Falsification, and Omission. (1)
- 5.4.2 Misappropriation: Plagiarism and Breaches of Confidentiality. (1)
- 5.4.3 Inappropriate Manipulation of Digital Images. (1)
- 5.4.4 Editorial Policy and Procedures for Detecting and Handling Allegations of Scientific Misconduct. (1)
- 5.4.5 Retractions, Expressions of Concern. (1)
- 5.4.6 Allegations Involving Unresolved Questions of Scientific Misconduct. (1)
- 5.4.7 Allegations Involving Manuscripts Under Editorial Consideration. (1)
- 5.5 Conflicts of Interest. (9)
- 5.5.1 Requirements for Authors. (1)
- 5.5.2 Reporting Funding and Other Support. (1)
- 5.5.3 Reporting the Role of the Sponsor. (1)
- 5.5.4 Access to Data Requirement. (1)
- 5.5.5 Requirements for Reporting Industry-Sponsored Studies. (1)
- 5.5.6 Requirements for Peer Reviewers. (1)
- 5.5.7 Requirements for Editors and Editorial Board Members. (1)
- 5.5.8 Handling Failure to Disclose Financial Interest (1)
- 5.6 Intellectual Property: Ownership, Access, Rights, and Management. (17)
- 5.6.1 Ownership and Control of Data. (1)
- 5.6.2 Open-Access Publication and Scientific Journals. (1)
- 5.6.3 Copyright: Definition, History, and Current Law. (1)
- 5.6.4 Types of Works and Copyright Duration in the United States. (1)
- 5.6.5 Copyright Assignment or License. (1)
- 5.6.6 Copyright Notice and Registration. (1)
- 5.6.7 Copying, Reproducing, Adapting, and Other Uses of Content. (1)
- 5.6.8 Publishing Transcripts of Discussions, Symposia, and Conferences. (1)
- 5.6.9 Permissions for Reuse. (1)
- 5.6.10 Standards for Commercial Reprints and E-prints. (1)
- 5.6.11 Standards for Licensed International Editions. (1)
- 5.6.12 International Copyright Protection. (1)
- 5.6.13 Moral Rights. (1)
- 5.6.14 Copyright Resources. (1)
- 5.6.15 Patents. (1)
- 5.6.16 Trademark. (1)
- 5.7 Confidentiality. (5)
- 5.7.1 Confidentiality During Editorial Evaluation and Peer Review and After Publication. (1)
- 5.7.2 Confidentiality in Allegations of Scientific Misconduct. (1)
- 5.7.3 Confidentiality in Legal Petitions and Claims for Privileged Information. (1)
- 5.7.4 Confidentiality in Selecting Editors and Editorial Board Members. (1)
- 5.8 Protecting Research Participants' and Patients' Rights in Scientific Publication. (5)
- 5.9 Defamation, Libel. (11)
- 5.9.1 Living Persons and Existing Entities. (1)
- 5.9.2 Public and Private Figures. (1)
- 5.9.3 Groups of Individuals. (1)
- 5.9.4 Statements of Opinion. (1)
- 5.9.5 Works of Fiction. (1)
- 5.9.6 Republication and News Reporting. (1)
- 5.9.7 Defense Against Libel. (1)
- 5.9.8 Minimizing the Risk of Libel. (1)
- 5.9.9 Demands to Correct, Retract, or Remove Libelous Information. (1)
- 5.9.10 Other Liability Concerns. (1)
- 5.10 Editorial Freedom and Integrity. (3)
- 5.11 Editorial Responsibilities, Roles, Procedures, and Policies. (14)
- 5.11.1 The Editor’s Responsibilities. (1)
- 5.11.2 Acknowledging Manuscript Receipt. (1)
- 5.11.3 Editorial Responsibility for Manuscript Assessment. (1)
- 5.11.4 Editorial Responsibility for Peer Review. (1)
- 5.11.5 Editorial Responsibility for Rejection. (1)
- 5.11.6 Editorial Responsibility for Revision. (1)
- 5.11.7 Editorial Responsibility for Acceptance (1)
- 5.11.8 Correspondence (Letters to the Editor). (1)
- 5.11.9 Corrections (Errata). (1)
- 5.11.10 Role of the Editorial Board. (1)
- 5.11.11 Disclosure of Editorial Practices, Procedures, and Policies. (1)
- 5.11.12 Editorial Audits and Research. (1)
- 5.11.13 Editorial Quality Review. (1)
- 5.12 Advertisements, Advertorials, Sponsorship, Supplements, Reprints, and E-prints. (8)
- 5.12.1 Advertisements. (1)
- 5.12.2 Criteria for Advertisements Directed to Physicians and Other Health Care Professionals. (1)
- 5.12.3 Advertorials. (1)
- 5.12.4 Sponsored Supplements. (1)
- 5.12.5 Other Forms of Sponsorship. (1)
- 5.12.6 Advertising and Sponsorship in Online Publications. (1)
- 5.12.7 Reprints and E-prints. (1)
- 5.13 Release of Information to the Public and Journal/Author Relations With the News Media. (6)
- 5.1 Authorship Responsibility. (8)
- 6 Editorial Assessment and Processing (20)
- 7 Grammar (43)
- 7.1 Nouns. (4)
- 7.2 Pronouns. (4)
- 7.3 Verbs. (7)
- 7.4 Modifiers. (3)
- 7.5 Diction. (5)
- 7.6 Sentence Fragments. (1)
- 7.7 Parallel Construction. (5)
- 7.8 Subject-Verb Agreement. (12)
- 7.8.1 Intervening Phrase. (1)
- 7.8.2 False Singulars. (1)
- 7.8.3 False Plurals. (1)
- 7.8.4 Parenthetical Plurals. (1)
- 7.8.5 Collective Nouns. (1)
- 7.8.6 Compound Subject. (1)
- 7.8.7 Shift in Number of Subject and Resultant Subject-Verb Disagreement. (1)
- 7.8.8 Subject and Predicate Noun Differ in Number. (1)
- 7.8.9 Every and Many a. (1)
- 7.8.10 One of Those. (1)
- 7.8.11 Number. (1)
- 7.9 The Paragraph. (1)
- 8 Punctuation (51)
- 8.1 Period, Question Mark, Exclamation Point. (4)
- 8.2 Comma, Semicolon, Colon. (1)
- 8.3 Hyphens and Dashes. (3)
- 8.4 Forward Slash (Virgule, Solidus). (7)
- 8.5 Parentheses and Brackets. (3)
- 8.6 Quotation Marks. (15)
- 8.6.1 Quotations. (1)
- 8.6.2 Dialogue. (1)
- 8.6.3 Titles. (1)
- 8.6.4 Single Quotation Marks. (1)
- 8.6.5 Placement. (1)
- 8.6.6 Omission of Opening or Closing Quotation Marks. (1)
- 8.6.7 Coined Words, Slang. (1)
- 8.6.8 Apologetic Quotation Marks. (1)
- 8.6.9 So-called. (1)
- 8.6.10 Common Words Used in a Technical Sense. (1)
- 8.6.11 Definition or Translation of Non–English-Language Words. (1)
- 8.6.12 Titles of Works. (1)
- 8.6.13 Indirect Discourse, Discussions. (1)
- 8.6.14 Block Quotations. (1)
- 8.7 Apostrophe (8)
- 8.8 Ellipses. (9)
- 8.8.1 Omission Within a Sentence. (1)
- 8.8.2 Omission at the End of a Sentence or Between Complete Sentences. (1)
- 8.8.3 Grammatically Incomplete Expressions. (1)
- 8.8.4 Omissions in Verse. (1)
- 8.8.5 Omissions Between or at the Start of Paragraphs. (1)
- 8.8.6 Change in Capitalization. (1)
- 8.8.7 Omission of Ellipses. (1)
- 8.8.8 Ellipses in Tables. (1)
- 9 Plurals (9)
- 10 Capitalization (21)
- 10.1 First Word of Sentences, Statements, Quotations, Titles, Subtitles, and Table Headings. (1)
- 10.2 Titles and Headings. (3)
- 10.3 Proper Nouns. (11)
- 10.3.1 Geographic Names. (1)
- 10.3.2 Sociocultural Designations. (1)
- 10.3.3 Events, Awards, and Legislation. (1)
- 10.3.4 Eponyms and Words Derived From Proper Nouns. (1)
- 10.3.5 Proprietary Names. (1)
- 10.3.6 Organisms. (1)
- 10.3.7 Seasons, Deities, Holidays. (1)
- 10.3.8 Tests. (1)
- 10.3.9 Official Names. (1)
- 10.3.10 Titles and Degrees of Persons. (1)
- 10.4 Designators. (1)
- 10.5 Types and Sections of Articles. (1)
- 10.6 Acronyms and Initialisms. (1)
- 10.7 Capitalized Computer Terms. (1)
- 10.8 “Intercapped” Compounds. (1)
- 11 Correct and Preferred Usage (19)
- 11.1 Correct and Preferred Usage of Common Words and Phrases. (1)
- 11.2 Redundant, Expendable, and Incomparable Words and Phrases (4)
- 11.3 Back-formations. (1)
- 11.4 Jargon. (1)
- 11.5 Age and Sex Referents. (1)
- 11.6 Anatomy. (1)
- 11.7 Clock Referents. (1)
- 11.8 Laboratory Values. (1)
- 11.9 Articles. (1)
- 11.10 Inclusive Language. (6)
- 12 Non-English Words, Phrases, and Accent Marks (3)
- 13 Medical Indexes (13)
- 14 Abbreviations (17)
- 14.1 Academic Degrees, Certifications, and Honors. (1)
- 14.2 US Military Services and Titles. (3)
- 14.3 Days of the Week, Months, Eras. (1)
- 14.4 Local Addresses. (1)
- 14.5 Cities, States, Counties, Territories, Possessions; Provinces; Countries. (1)
- 14.6 Names and Titles of Persons. (1)
- 14.7 Business Firms. (1)
- 14.8 Agencies and Organizations. (1)
- 14.9 Collaborative Groups. (1)
- 14.10 Names of Journals. (1)
- 14.11 Clinical, Technical, and Other Common Terms. (1)
- 14.12 Units of Measure. (1)
- 14.13 Elements and Chemicals. (1)
- 14.14 Radioactive Isotopes. (1)
- 15 Nomenclature (78)
- 15.1 Blood Groups, Platelet Antigens, and Granulocyte Antigens (4)
- 15.2 Cancer (1)
- 15.3 Cardiology. (13)
- 15.3.1 Electrocardiographic Terms. (1)
- 15.3.2 Electrograms. (1)
- 15.3.3 Heart Sounds. (1)
- 15.3.4 Murmurs. (1)
- 15.3.5 Jugular Venous Pulse. (1)
- 15.3.6 Echocardiography. (1)
- 15.3.7 Pacemaker Codes. (1)
- 15.3.8 Implanted Cardioverter/Defibrillators. (1)
- 15.3.9 Pacemaker-Lead Code. (1)
- 15.3.10 Heart Disease Classifications. (1)
- 15.3.11 Coronary Artery Angiographic Classifications. (1)
- 15.3.12 Cellular and Molecular Cardiology.24-26 (1)
- 15.4 Drugs. (16)
- 15.4.1 The Drug Development and Approval Process. (1)
- 15.4.2 Nonproprietary Names. (1)
- 15.4.3 Proprietary Names (1)
- 15.4.4 Chemical Names. (1)
- 15.4.5 Code Designations. (1)
- 15.4.6 Trivial Names. (1)
- 15.4.7 Drugs With Inactive Components. (1)
- 15.4.8 Stereoisomers. (1)
- 15.4.9 Combination Products. (1)
- 15.4.10 Drug Preparation Names That Include a Percentage. (1)
- 15.4.11 Multiple-Drug Regimens. (1)
- 15.4.12 Drug Abbreviations. (1)
- 15.4.13 Nomenclature for Biological Products. (1)
- 15.4.14 Vitamins and Related Compounds. (1)
- 15.4.15 Herbals and Dietary Supplements. (1)
- 15.5 Equipment, Devices, and Reagents. (1)
- 15.6 Genetics. (7)
- 15.7 Hemostasis. (5)
- 15.8 Immunology. (1)
- 15.9 Isotopes. (8)
- 15.10 Molecular Medicine. (4)
- 15.11 Neurology (1)
- 15.12 Obstetric Terms. (4)
- 15.13 Ophthalmology Terms. (1)
- 15.14 Organisms and Pathogens (5)
- 15.15 Psychiatric Terminology. (1)
- 15.16 Pulmonary, Respiratory, and Blood Gas Terminology. (4)
- 15.17 Radiology Terms (1)
- 16 Eponyms (3)
- 17 Greek Letters (5)
- 18 Units of Measure (31)
- 19 Numbers and Percentages (20)
- 20 Study Design and Statistics (23)
- 20.1 The Manuscript: Presenting Study Design, Rationale, and Statistical Analysis. (5)
- 20.2 Randomized Controlled Trials. (4)
- 20.3 Observational Studies. (4)
- 20.4 Meta-analysis. (1)
- 20.5 Cost-effectiveness Analysis, Cost-Benefit Analysis. (1)
- 20.6 Studies of Diagnostic Tests. (1)
- 20.7 Survey Studies. (1)
- 20.8 Significant Digits and Rounding Numbers. (3)
- 20.9 Glossary of Statistical Terms. (1)
- 20.10 Statistical Symbols and Abbreviations. (1)
- 21 Mathematical Composition (11)
- 21.1 Copy Marking. (1)
- 21.2 Displayed vs Run-In. (1)
- 21.3 Stacked vs Unstacked. (1)
- 21.4 Exponents (1)
- 21.5 Long Formulas. (1)
- 21.6 Expressing Multiplication and Division. (1)
- 21.7 Commonly Used Symbols. (1)
- 21.8 Typography and Capitalization. (1)
- 21.9 Punctuation. (1)
- 21.10 Spacing With Mathematical Symbols. (1)
- 22 Typography (9)
- 23 Manuscript Editing and Proofreading (4)
- 24 Glossary of Publishing Terms (1)
- 25 Resources (12)
- 25.1 General Dictionaries (1)
- 25.2 Medical and Scientific Dictionaries (1)
- 25.3 General Style and Usage (1)
- 25.4 Medical/Scientific Style and Usage (1)
- 25.5 Writing (1)
- 25.6 Ethical and Legal Concerns (1)
- 25.7 Peer Review (1)
- 25.8 Illustrations/Displaying Data (1)
- 25.9 Databases (1)
- 25.10 Guidelines (1)
- 25.11 Professional Scientific Writing, Editing, and Communications Organizations and Groups (1)
Publication Year
Copyright © 2013. All rights reserved.
PRINTED FROM AMA MANUAL OF STYLE ONLINE (www.amamanualofstyle.com). © American Medical Association, 2009. All Rights Reserved. Under the terms of the license agreement, an individual user may print out a PDF of a single chapter of a title in AMA Manual of Style Online for personal use (for details see Privacy Policy). date: 23 May 2013