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Flowcharts demonstrate the sequence of activities, processes, events, operations, or organization of a complex procedure or an interrelated system of components. Flowcharts are useful to depict study protocol or interventions (Example ), to demonstrate participant recruitment and follow-up such as in a randomized controlled trial (CONSORT) (Example , and Figure in , Study Design and Statistics), or to show inclusions and exclusions of samples in other types of studies, such as in meta-analyses of observational studies (MOOSE), meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (QUOROM), and studies of diagnostic accuracy (STARD). Decision trees are analytical tools used in cost-effectiveness and decision analyses. Less