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Following the recommendations of the ICMJE, CSE, and WAME, reviewers should disclose conflicts of interest in reviewing specific manuscripts and disqualify themselves from a specific review if necessary.,, Reviewers should never use information obtained from an unpublished manuscript to further their own interests. Following the same rationale applied to authors, the ICMJE also recommends that reviewers state explicitly if they have no relevant conflicts of interest to disclose. JAMA includes the following instructions regarding conflicts of interest in the letter sent requesting an individual to review a manuscript: While most conflicts of interest are not disqualifying, if you perceive that Less