Collaborative groups include study groups, multicenter trials, task forces, expert and ad hoc consensus groups, and periodic national and international health surveys. Such an entity’s full name should be provided in addition to its abbreviation, even if it appears only once in a manuscript. Because some of these groups are often better recognized by their acronyms than by their full names, the acronym may be placed first, with the expansion in parentheses, contrary to the order usually recommended.To save space in titles, however, the acronym may be used alone if its expansion is provided early in the manuscript, for example, ...
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