15.2 Cancer

Cancer stages are expressed with the use of capital roman numerals: stage I stage II stage III stage IVThe term “stage 0” usually indicates carcinoma in situ.Histologic grades are expressed with arabic numerals, eg, grade 2.Letter and numerical suffixes, usually set on the line, may be added to subdivide individual cancer stages, as in the following examples: stage 0a stage 0is stage IA stage IE stage IB2 stage IIIE+S stage IVA stage IVB (E indicates extralymphatic spread; S, splenic involvement [as seen in Hodgkin disease]; “is,” in situ.)The TNM staging system is an internationally standardized system for the staging of ...Less