5.3 Duplicate Publication.

Wasteful publication includes dividing the results ina single study into two or more papers (“salami sci-ence”); republishing the same material in successivepapers (which need not have identical format andcontent); and blending data from one study withadditional data to extract yet another paper thatcould not make its way on the second set of dataalone (meat extenders).    Edward J. Huth, MDDuplicate publication is the simultaneous or subsequent reporting of essentially the same information, article, or major components of an article 2 or more times in 1 or more forms of media (either print or electronic format). Duplicate reporting includes duplicate submission and may ...Less

Covert duplicate publication violates the ethics of scientific publishing and may constitute a violation of copyright law. Editors have a duty to inform prospective authors of their policies on duplicate publication, which should be published in their instructions for authors. Reviewers should notify editors of the existence of duplicate articles discovered during their review. Authors should send copies of all duplicate or overlapping articles and manuscripts with their submitted manuscripts. Authors should also include citations to highly similar articles and any reports from the same study under their authorship in the reference list of the submitted manuscript. When in doubt ...Less

Secondary publication is the subsequent republication, or simultaneous publication (sometimes called dual or parallel publication), of an article in 2 or more journals (in the same or another language) by mutual consent of the journal editors. Secondary publication can be beneficial. For example, the editors of an English-language journal and a non English-language journal may agree to secondary publication in translated form for the benefit of audiences who speak different languages. The ICMJE approves secondary publication if all of the following conditions are met: 1. The authors have received approval from the editors of both journals; the editor concerned with ...Less