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Classical references may deviate from the usual forms in some details. In many instances, the facts of publication are irrelevant and may be omitted. Date of publication should be given when available and pertinent. 1. Shakespeare W. A Midsummer Night’s Dream. Act 2, scene 3, line 24.2. Donne J. Second Anniversary. Verse 243.For classical references, The Chicago Manual of Style may be used as a guide. 3. Aristotle. Metaphysics. 3. 2.966b 5 8.In biblical references, do not abbreviate the names of books. The version may be included parenthetically if the information is provided (see example 4). References to the Bible ...Less

References to bulletins published by departments or agencies of a government should include the following information, in the order indicated: (1) name of author (if given); (2) title of bulletin; (3) place of publication; (4) name of issuing bureau, agency, department, or other governmental division (note that in this position, Department should be abbreviated Dept; also note that if an author supplies US Government Printing Office as the publisher, it would be preferable to obtain the name of the issuing bureau, agency, or department, if possible); (5) date of publication; (6) page numbers, if specified; (7) publication number, if any; ...Less

References to newspapers should include the following, in the order indicated: (1) name of author (if given), (2) title of article, (3) name of newspaper, (4) date of newspaper, (5) section (if applicable), and (6) page numbers. Note: Newspaper names are not abbreviated. If a city name is not part of the newspaper name, it may be added to the official name, for clarity, as with Minneapolis in example 1. See example 5 for how to treat an article that “ jumps” from one page to a later page (see also , References to Print Journals, Discontinuous Pagination). 1. Wolfe W. ...Less

Package inserts (the printed material about the use and effects of the product contained in the package) may be cited as follows: 1. Cialis [package insert]. Indianapolis, IN: Eli Lilly & Co; 2003.2. ZstatFlu [package insert]. Oklahoma City, OK: ZymeTx Inc; 2000. ...Less

Patent citations take the following form. Examples 1 and 2 and 4 and 5 are for patents that have been issued and example 3 is for a patent that is pending. See the US Patent and Trademark Office home page (http://www.uspto.gov/) or the European Patent Office home page (http://www.european-patent-office.org/index.en.php) for further details. 1. Rabiner RA, Hare BA, inventors; OmniSonics Medical Technologies Inc, assignee. Apparatus for removing plaque from blood vessels using ultrasonic energy. US patent 6,866,670. March 15, 2005.2. Guiliano K, Kapur R, inventors; Cellomics Inc, assignee. System for cell-based screening. US patent 6,875,578. April 5, 2005.3. Castellano TP, inventor; ...Less

Do not include “personal communications” in the list of references. The following forms may be used in the text: In a conversation with H. E. Marman, MD (August 2005).… According to a letter from H. E. Marman, MD, in August 2005.… Similar findings have been noted by Roberts6 and by H. E. Marman, MD (written communication, August 2005). According to the manufacturer (H. R. Smith, oral communication, May 2005), the drug became available in Japan in January 2004.The author should give the date of the communication and indicate whether it was in oral or written (including e-mail) form. Highest academic ...Less

Reference may be made to one author’s citation of, or quotation from, another’s work. Distinguish between citation and quotation (ie, between work mentioned and words actually quoted). In the text, the name of the original author, rather than the secondary source, should be mentioned. (See also , References to Print Journals, Discussants.) As with citation of an abstract of an article rather than citation of the original document (see , References to Print Journals, Abstracts and Other Material Taken From Another Source), citation of the original document is preferred unless it is not readily available. Only items actually consulted should ...Less

If a monograph or report is part of a series, include the name of the series and, if applicable, the number of the publication. 1. Ministry of Health. National AIDS Control Program. Dar es Salaam: Ministry of Health, United Republic of Tanzania; 2001. HIV/AIDS/STI Surveillance Report 16.2. West S, King V, Carey TS, et al. Systems to Rate the Strength of Scientific Evidence. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2002. Evidence Report/Technology Assessment 47.3. US Department of Commerce. Population Division: Income, Poverty and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States, 2003. Washington, DC: US Bureau of the Census; ...Less

References to material available only in special collections of a library, as this example of a monograph written in 1757, take this form: 1. Hunter J. An account of the dissection of morbid bodies: a monograph or lecture. 1757;No. 32:30-32. Located at: Library of the Royal College of Surgeons, London, England. ...Less

Many of the special materials covered in this section may also be accessed (and cited) in an online format. To see examples of these citation formats, please consult , Electronic References. The version consulted (print or online) is the version that should be cited.References to newspapers should include the following, in the order indicated: (1) name of author (if given), (2) title of article, (3) name of newspaper, (4) date of newspaper, (5) section (if applicable), and (6) page numbers. Note: Newspaper names are not abbreviated. If a city name is not part of the newspaper name, it may be ...Less