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Commonly Used Symbols.
Lauren Fischer and Paul Frank
in AMA Manual of Style: A Guide for Authors and Editors (11 ed.)
Use mathematical symbols in running text only if they are presented with a numerical value within parentheses. These symbols can be used in figures, tables, and boxes with no explanatory footnotes. Some commonly used symbols are as follows: The following symbols are usually reserved for specific values:...Displayed vs Run-in.
Lauren Fischer and Paul Frank
in AMA Manual of Style: A Guide for Authors and Editors (11 ed.)
Simple formulas may remain within the text of the manuscript if they can be set on the line (ie, run in; see 20.2, Stacked vs Unstacked Fractions or Formulas): The pulmonary vascular resistance index (PVRI) was calculated as follows: PVRI = (MPAP − PCWP)/CI, where MPAP indicates mean pulmonary artery pressure; PCWP, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure; and CI, cardiac index....Expressing Multiplication and Division.
Lauren Fischer and Paul Frank
in AMA Manual of Style: A Guide for Authors and Editors (11 ed.)
The product of 2 or more terms, including units of measure, is conventionally indicated by a raised multiplication dot (⋅) (eg, 7 kg ⋅ m2) or by 2 or more characters closed up (eg, y = mx + b). However, in scientific notation the times sign (×) is used (eg, 3 × 10...Fractional Exponents vs Radicals.
Lauren Fischer and Paul Frank
in AMA Manual of Style: A Guide for Authors and Editors (11 ed.)
Use of radicals (eg, any expression that contains a radical symbol: √) may sometimes be avoided by substituting a fractional exponent: (a2−b2)1/2 instead of a2...Logarithmic Expressions.
Lauren Fischer and Paul Frank
in AMA Manual of Style: A Guide for Authors and Editors (11 ed.)
The term log is an abbreviation of logarithm. A system of logarithms may be based on any number, although logarithmic systems based on the numbers 10, 2, and the irrational number e are most common. The base should be subscripted and follow the word log...Long Formulas.
Lauren Fischer and Paul Frank
in AMA Manual of Style: A Guide for Authors and Editors (11 ed.)
Long formulas may be given in 2 or more lines by breaking them at operation signs outside brackets or parentheses and keeping the indention the same whenever possible (some formulas may be too long to permit indention). If lines begin with an operation sign, they should be lined up with the first character to the right of the operation sign in the line above....Mathematical Composition
Lauren Fischer and Paul Frank
in AMA Manual of Style: A Guide for Authors and Editors (11 ed.)
The Mathematical Composition chapter of the 11th edition of the AMA Manual of Style addresses conventions used to display mathematical formulas and other expressions involving special ...
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Mathematical Composition.
Lauren Fischer and Paul Frank
in AMA Manual of Style: A Guide for Authors and Editors (11 ed.)
Mathematical formulas and other expressions that involve special symbols, character positions, and relationships may present difficulties in clarity in print and online publications. Avoid ambiguity through proper use of parentheses and brackets and adhere to typographic conventions and capitalization rules in equations (see 8.5...Negative Exponents.
Lauren Fischer and Paul Frank
in AMA Manual of Style: A Guide for Authors and Editors (11 ed.)
A negative exponent denotes the reciprocal of the expression, as illustrated in these examples: x−n=1/xn, A−1=1/A, B−2=1/B2; A(x+...Punctuation.
Lauren Fischer and Paul Frank
in AMA Manual of Style: A Guide for Authors and Editors (11 ed.)
Punctuation after a set-off equation is helpful and often clarifies the meaning. Display equations are often preceded by punctuation. In the linear quadratic equation model, the survival probability for cells receiving a j increment of radiation, D j , is as follows: S=ex...Spacing With Mathematical Symbols.
Lauren Fischer and Paul Frank
in AMA Manual of Style: A Guide for Authors and Editors (11 ed.)
Thin spaces (a space character that is usually 1 ⁄ 5 or 1 ⁄ 6 the width of an em dash; the Unicode value for the 1/6 em space is 2009) should be used before and after the following mathematical symbols when they are used as verbs, conjunctions, or operators: ±, =, <, >, ≤, ≥, +, −, ÷, ×, ⋅, ≈, ∼, ∩, ∫, ...Stacked vs Unstacked Fractions or Formulas.
Lauren Fischer and Paul Frank
in AMA Manual of Style: A Guide for Authors and Editors (11 ed.)
Both stacking of fractions (ie, separating numerator and denominator by a horizontal line) and unstacking of fractions (ie, using a slash in place of the horizontal line) are acceptable as long as clarity is not lost (see 8.4.4, Forward Slash [Virgule, Solidus], In Equations)....Typography and Capitalization.
Lauren Fischer and Paul Frank
in AMA Manual of Style: A Guide for Authors and Editors (11 ed.)
In general, variables, unknown quantities, and constants (eg, x, y, z, A, B, C ) are set in italics, whereas units of measure (eg, kg, mL, s, m), symbols (including Greek characters [see 16.0, Greek Letters]), and numbers are set roman. In addition, subscripts or superscripts used as modifiers are set roman:...View:
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