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[[missing key: search-facet.tree.open-section]]
1.0 Types of Articles
(14)
1.0 Types of Articles.
(1)
1.1 Research Reports.
(1)
[[missing key: search-facet.tree.open-section]]
1.2 Reviews.
(3)
1.2.1 Systematic Reviews.
(1)
1.2.2 Narrative Reviews.
(1)
1.3 Other Substantive Article Types (Nonresearch, Nonreview).
(1)
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1.4 Opinion Articles.
(4)
1.4.1 Viewpoints (Also Called Commentaries or Perspectives).
(1)
1.4.2 Editorials (or Invited Commentaries).
(1)
1.4.3 Personal Vignettes and Reflections.
(1)
[[missing key: search-facet.tree.open-section]]
1.5 Correspondence.
(2)
1.5.1 Letters.
(1)
1.5.2 Research Letters.
(1)
1.6 Other Article Types.
(1)
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2.0 Manuscript Preparation for Submission and Publication
(58)
2.0 Manuscript Preparation for Submission and Publication.
(1)
[[missing key: search-facet.tree.open-section]]
2.1 Titles and Subtitles.
(8)
2.1.1 Quotation Marks.
(1)
2.1.2 Numbers.
(1)
2.1.3 Drugs.
(1)
2.1.4 Genus and Species.
(1)
2.1.5 Abbreviations.
(1)
2.1.6 Capitalization.
(1)
2.1.7 Names of Cities, States, Counties, Provinces, and Countries.
(1)
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2.2 Author Bylines and End-of-Text Signatures.
(5)
2.2.1 Authors’ Names.
(1)
2.2.2 Authorship.
(1)
2.2.3 Academic Degrees.
(1)
2.2.4 Multiple Authors, Group Authors.
(1)
[[missing key: search-facet.tree.open-section]]
2.3 Author Footnotes.
(4)
2.3.1 Order of Footnotes for Print or PDF Page.
(1)
2.3.2 Death of Author(s).
(1)
2.3.3 Author Affiliations.
(1)
[[missing key: search-facet.tree.open-section]]
2.4 Running Head, Running Foot in Print/PDF.
(3)
2.4.1 Name of the Publication.
(1)
2.4.2 Short Title of the Article.
(1)
[[missing key: search-facet.tree.open-section]]
2.5 Abstract.
(6)
2.5.1 Structured Abstracts.
(1)
2.5.2 Unstructured Abstracts.
(1)
2.5.3 Tables and/or Figures in Abstracts.
(1)
2.5.4 Clinical Trial Registration Identifier in Abstracts.
(1)
2.5.5 General Guidelines.
(1)
2.6 Keywords.
(1)
2.7 Epigraphs.
(1)
[[missing key: search-facet.tree.open-section]]
2.8 Parts of a Manuscript, Headings, Subheadings, and Side Headings.
(4)
2.8.1 Levels of Headings.
(1)
2.8.2 Number of Headings.
(1)
2.8.3 Some Cautions About Headings.
(1)
2.9 Addenda.
(1)
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2.10 Acknowledgments (Article Information).
(20)
2.10.1 Manuscript History: Submission and Acceptance Dates.
(1)
2.10.2 Publication Online First or Online Only.
(1)
2.10.3 Information on Open Access.
(1)
2.10.4 Corrections.
(1)
2.10.5 Author Affiliation Notes.
(1)
2.10.6 Group Information.
(1)
2.10.7 Corresponding Author Contact Information.
(1)
2.10.8 Author Contributions.
(1)
2.10.9 Conflict of Interest Disclosures.
(1)
2.10.10 Funding/Support.
(1)
2.10.11 Role of the Funders/Sponsors.
(1)
2.10.12 Group Information (Including List of Participants in a Group).
(1)
2.10.13 Disclaimer.
(1)
2.10.14 Meeting Presentation.
(1)
2.10.15 Previous Posting.
(1)
2.10.16 Data Sharing Statement.
(1)
2.10.17 Additional Contributions.
(1)
2.10.18 Additional Information (Miscellaneous Acknowledgments).
(1)
2.10.19 Preferred Citation Format.
(1)
2.11 Appendixes.
(1)
2.12 Online-Only (Supplementary) Material.
(1)
2.13 Ancillary Educational and Promotional Material.
(1)
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3.0 References
(80)
3.0 References.
(1)
[[missing key: search-facet.tree.open-section]]
3.1 Reference Style and Recommendations.
(2)
3.1.1 Bibliographic Grouping.
(1)
3.2 Reference List.
(1)
3.3 References Given in Text.
(1)
3.4 Minimum Acceptable Data for References.
(1)
3.5 Numbering.
(1)
3.6 Citation.
(1)
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3.7 Authors.
(3)
3.7.1 Group Authors.
(1)
3.7.2 Group Author Names With or Without Individually Named Authors in the Byline.
(1)
3.8 Prefixes and Particles.
(1)
[[missing key: search-facet.tree.open-section]]
3.9 Titles.
(5)
3.9.1 English-Language Titles.
(1)
3.9.2 Non–English-Language Titles.
(1)
3.9.3 Names of Organisms.
(1)
3.9.4 Non-English Words and Phrases.
(1)
3.10 Subtitles.
(1)
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3.11 References to Journal Articles.
(16)
3.11.1 Complete Data.
(1)
3.11.2 Names of Journals.
(1)
3.11.3 Year, Volume, Issue, Location (Page Numbers), and Dates.
(1)
3.11.4 Online Journal Articles, Preprints, and Manuscripts.
(1)
3.11.5 Discontinuous Pagination.
(1)
3.11.6 Journals Without Volume or Issue Numbers.
(1)
3.11.7 Parts of an Issue.
(1)
3.11.8 Special Issue or Theme Issue.
(1)
3.11.9 Journal Supplements.
(1)
3.11.10 Abstracts From Another Source.
(1)
3.11.11 Special Department, Feature, or Column of a Journal.
(1)
3.11.12 Discussants.
(1)
3.11.13 Online Comments.
(1)
3.11.14 Corrections.
(1)
3.11.15 Retractions and Expressions of Concern.
(1)
3.11.16 Duplicate Publication.
(1)
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3.12 References to Books.
(11)
3.12.1 Complete Data.
(1)
3.12.2 References to an Entire Book.
(1)
3.12.3 References to Monographs.
(1)
3.12.4 References to a Chapter in a Book.
(1)
3.12.5 Editors and Translators.
(1)
3.12.6 Volume Number.
(1)
3.12.7 Edition Number.
(1)
3.12.8 Publishers.
(1)
3.12.9 Year of Publication.
(1)
3.12.10 Page Numbers or Chapter Number.
(1)
3.12.11 Electronic Books, Books Online, Audiobooks, and Books on Tape or CD.
(1)
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3.13 Special Materials.
(12)
3.13.1 News Publications.
(1)
3.13.2 Government or Agency Reports.
(1)
3.13.3 Serial Publications.
(1)
3.13.4 Theses and Dissertations.
(1)
3.13.5 Special Collections.
(1)
3.13.6 Package Inserts.
(1)
3.13.7 Patents.
(1)
3.13.8 Conference Proceedings Online, Webinars, and Other Presentations.
(1)
3.13.9 Meeting Presentations and Other Unpublished Material.
(1)
3.13.10 Personal Communications.
(1)
3.13.11 Classical References.
(1)
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3.14 Other Media.
(5)
3.14.1 Video.
(1)
3.14.2 Podcasts and Other Audio.
(1)
3.14.3 Apps and Interactive Games.
(1)
3.14.4 Other Multimedia.
(1)
3.14.5 Transcripts of Audio, Video, Television, or Radio Broadcasts or Television Commercials.
(1)
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3.15 Electronic References.
(12)
3.15.1 DOI.
(1)
3.15.2 PMID.
(1)
3.15.3 Websites.
(1)
3.15.4 Social Media.
(1)
3.15.5 Government/Organization Reports.
(1)
3.15.6 Software.
(1)
3.15.7 Software Manual or Guide.
(1)
3.15.8 Databases.
(1)
3.15.9 Email and Electronic Mailing List (LISTSERV) Messages.
(1)
3.15.10 News Releases.
(1)
3.15.11 Legal References.
(1)
[[missing key: search-facet.tree.open-section]]
3.16 US Legal References.
(4)
3.16.1 Method of Citation.
(1)
3.16.2 Citation of Cases.
(1)
3.16.3 Legislative Materials.
(1)
3.17 Non-US Legal References.
(1)
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4.0 Tables, Figures, and Multimedia
(29)
4.0 Tables, Figures, and Multimedia.
(1)
[[missing key: search-facet.tree.open-section]]
4.1 Tables.
(11)
4.1.1 Types of Tables.
(1)
4.1.2 Organizing Information in Tables.
(1)
4.1.3 Tables in Online Journals.
(1)
4.1.4 Table Components.
(1)
4.1.5 Units of Measure.
(1)
4.1.6 Punctuation.
(1)
4.1.7 Abbreviations.
(1)
4.1.8 Numbers.
(1)
4.1.9 Tables That Contain Online-Only Supplementary Information.
(1)
4.1.10 Guidelines for Preparing and Submitting Tables.
(1)
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4.2 Figures.
(13)
4.2.1 Statistical Graphs.
(1)
4.2.2 Diagrams.
(1)
4.2.3 Maps.
(1)
4.2.4 Illustrations.
(1)
4.2.5 Photographs and Clinical Imaging.
(1)
4.2.6 Components of Figures.
(1)
4.2.7 Titles, Legends, and Labels.
(1)
4.2.8 Placement of Figures in the Text.
(1)
4.2.9 Figures Reproduced or Adapted From Other Sources.
(1)
4.2.10 Guidelines for Preparing and Submitting Figures.
(1)
4.2.11 Consent for Identifiable Patients.
(1)
4.2.12 Multimedia.
(1)
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4.3 Nontabular Material.
(3)
4.3.1 Boxes.
(1)
4.3.2 Sidebars.
(1)
[[missing key: search-facet.tree.open-section]]
5.0 Ethical and Legal Considerations
(117)
[[missing key: search-facet.tree.open-section]]
5.1 Authorship Responsibility.
(11)
5.1.1 Authorship: Definition, Criteria, Contributions, and Requirements.
(1)
5.1.2 Guest and Ghost Authors and Other Contributors.
(1)
5.1.3 Unsigned Editorials, Anonymous Authors, Pseudonymous Authors.
(1)
5.1.4 Number of Authors.
(1)
5.1.5 Order of Authorship and Shared Positions.
(1)
5.1.6 Changes in Authorship.
(1)
5.1.7 Deceased or Incapacitated Authors.
(1)
5.1.8 Author Disputes.
(1)
5.1.9 Group and Collaborative Authorship.
(1)
5.1.10 Standards for Electronic Editing and Tagging of Names of Authors, Collaborators, and Group Authors.
(1)
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5.2 Acknowledgments.
(12)
5.2.1 Acknowledging Support, Assistance, and Contributions of Those Who Are Not Authors.
(1)
5.2.2 Group and Collaborative Author Lists.
(1)
5.2.3 Author Contributions.
(1)
5.2.4 Authors’ Conflict of Interest Disclosures.
(1)
5.2.5 Access to Data Statement.
(1)
5.2.6 Funding and Role of Funders and Sponsors.
(1)
5.2.7 Data Sharing Statement.
(1)
5.2.8 Acknowledgment Elements and Order of Elements.
(1)
5.2.9 Permission to Name Individuals.
(1)
5.2.10 Personal Communication and Credit Lines.
(1)
5.2.11 Standards for Tagging Metadata in Acknowledgments.
(1)
[[missing key: search-facet.tree.open-section]]
5.3 Duplicate Publication and Submission.
(3)
5.3.1 Secondary Publication.
(1)
5.3.2 Editorial Policy for Preventing and Handling Allegations of Duplicate Publication.
(1)
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5.4 Scientific Misconduct.
(9)
5.4.1 Misrepresentation: Fabrication, Falsification, and Omission.
(1)
5.4.2 Misappropriation: Plagiarism and Breaches of Confidentiality.
(1)
5.4.3 Inappropriate Manipulation of Digital Images.
(1)
5.4.4 Editorial Policy and Procedures for Detecting and Handling Allegations of Scientific Misconduct.
(1)
5.4.5 Retractions and Expressions of Concern.
(1)
5.4.6 Retraction and Replacement for Articles With Pervasive Errors.
(1)
5.4.7 Allegations Involving Unresolved Questions of Scientific Misconduct.
(1)
5.4.8 Allegations Involving Manuscripts Under Editorial Consideration.
(1)
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5.5 Conflicts of Interest.
(9)
5.5.1 Definition, History, and Rationale for Journal Policies.
(1)
5.5.2 Requirements for Authors.
(1)
5.5.3 Reporting Funding, Sponsorship, and Other Support.
(1)
5.5.4 Reporting the Role of the Funder/Sponsor.
(1)
5.5.5 Access to Data Requirement.
(1)
5.5.6 Requirements for Peer Reviewers.
(1)
5.5.7 Requirements for Editors and Editorial Board Members.
(1)
5.5.8 Handling Failure to Disclose Conflicts of Interest.
(1)
[[missing key: search-facet.tree.open-section]]
5.6 Intellectual Property: Ownership, Access, Rights, and Management.
(16)
5.6.1 Ownership and Control of Data.
(1)
5.6.2 Public Access and Open Access in Scientific Publication.
(1)
5.6.3 Copyright: Definition, History, and Current Law.
(1)
5.6.4 Types of Works and Copyright Duration in the United States.
(1)
5.6.5 Copyright Assignment or License.
(1)
5.6.6 Copyright Notice and Registration.
(1)
5.6.7 Copying, Reproducing, Adapting, and Other Uses of Content.
(1)
5.6.8 Permissions for Reuse.
(1)
5.6.9 Standards for Commercial Reprints and e-Prints.
(1)
5.6.10 Standards for Licensed International Editions.
(1)
5.6.11 International Copyright Protection.
(1)
5.6.12 Moral Rights.
(1)
5.6.13 Copyright Resources.
(1)
5.6.14 Patents.
(1)
5.6.15 Trademark.
(1)
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5.7 Confidentiality.
(5)
5.7.1 Confidentiality During Editorial Evaluation and Peer Review and After Publication.
(1)
5.7.2 Confidentiality in Allegations of Scientific Misconduct.
(1)
5.7.3 Confidentiality in Legal Petitions and Claims for Privileged Information.
(1)
5.7.4 Confidentiality in Selecting Editors and Editorial Board Members and in Editorial Meetings.
(1)
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5.8 Protecting Research Participants’ and Patients’ Rights in Scientific Publication.
(7)
5.8.1 Ethical Review of Studies and Informed Consent.
(1)
5.8.2 Journal Policies and Procedures.
(1)
5.8.3 Patients’ Rights to Privacy and Anonymity and Consent for Identifiable Publication.
(1)
5.8.4 Rights in Published Reports of Genetic Studies.
(1)
5.8.5 Patients’ Rights in Narrative Essays and News Reports in Biomedical Journals.
(1)
5.8.6 Patients’ Rights in Social Media.
(1)
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5.9 Defamation, Libel.
(12)
5.9.1 Living Persons and Existing Entities.
(1)
5.9.2 Public and Private Figures.
(1)
5.9.3 Groups of Individuals.
(1)
5.9.4 Statements of Opinion.
(1)
5.9.5 Social Media.
(1)
5.9.6 Works of Fiction.
(1)
5.9.7 Republication and News Reporting.
(1)
5.9.8 Defense Against Libel Suits and Claims.
(1)
5.9.9 Minimizing the Risk of Libel.
(1)
5.9.10 Demands to Correct, Retract, or Remove Libelous Information.
(1)
5.9.11 Resources for Other Liability Concerns.
(1)
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5.10 Editorial Freedom and Integrity.
(3)
5.10.1 Maintaining Editorial Freedom: Cases of Editorial Interference and the Rationale for Mission, Trust, and Effective Oversight and Governance.
(1)
5.10.2 Ensuring a Trust Relationship Among Journal Editors, Publishers, and Owners.
(1)
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5.11 Editorial Responsibilities, Roles, Procedures, and Policies.
(15)
5.11.1 The Editor’s Responsibilities.
(1)
5.11.2 Acknowledging Manuscript Receipt.
(1)
5.11.3 Editorial Responsibility for Manuscript Assessment.
(1)
5.11.4 Editorial Responsibility for Peer Review.
(1)
5.11.5 Editorial Responsibility for Rejection.
(1)
5.11.6 Editorial Responsibility for Revision.
(1)
5.11.7 Editorial Responsibility for Acceptance.
(1)
5.11.8 Correspondence (Letters to the Editor).
(1)
5.11.9 Social Media.
(1)
5.11.10 Corrections (Errata).
(1)
5.11.11 Role of the Editorial Board.
(1)
5.11.12 Disclosure of Editorial Practices, Procedures, and Policies.
(1)
5.11.13 Editorial Audits and Research.
(1)
5.11.14 Editorial Quality Review.
(1)
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5.12 Advertisements, Advertorials, Sponsorship, Supplements, Reprints, and e-Prints.
(8)
5.12.1 Advertisements.
(1)
5.12.2 Guidelines for Advertisements Directed to Physicians and Other Health Care Professionals.
(1)
5.12.3 Advertorials.
(1)
5.12.4 Sponsored Supplements.
(1)
5.12.5 Other Forms of Sponsorship.
(1)
5.12.6 Advertising and Sponsorship in Online Publications.
(1)
5.12.7 Reprints and e-Prints.
(1)
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5.13 Release of Information to the Public and Relations With the News Media.
(6)
5.13.1 Release of Information to the Public.
(1)
5.13.2 Expedited Publication and Release of Information.
(1)
5.13.3 Embargo.
(1)
5.13.4 Suggestions for Authors Interacting With the News Media.
(1)
5.13.5 News Releases.
(1)
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6.0 Editorial Assessment and Processing
(17)
6.0 Editorial Assessment and Processing.
(1)
[[missing key: search-facet.tree.open-section]]
6.1 Editorial Assessment.
(8)
6.1.1 Manuscript Assessment Criteria.
(1)
6.1.2 Peer Review.
(1)
6.1.3 Editorial Decisions.
(1)
6.1.4 Revisions.
(1)
6.1.5 Appealing an Editorial Decision.
(1)
6.1.6 Postpublication Review.
(1)
6.1.7 Corrections.
(1)
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6.2 Editorial Processing.
(7)
6.2.1 Manuscript Editing.
(1)
6.2.2 Composition, Page Makeup, and Digital Content.
(1)
6.2.3 Proofreading.
(1)
6.2.4 Advertising.
(1)
6.2.5 Issue Makeup and Review.
(1)
6.2.6 Reprints and e-Prints, Postpublication Copies of Articles, and Depositing Articles in an Approved Repository.
(1)
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7.0 Grammar
(51)
7.0 Grammar.
(1)
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7.1 Nouns.
(4)
7.1.1 Nouns as Modifiers.
(1)
7.1.2 Modifying Gerunds.
(1)
7.1.3 Subject-Complement Agreement.
(1)
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7.2 Pronouns.
(4)
7.2.1 Personal Pronouns.
(1)
7.2.2 Relative Pronouns.
(1)
7.2.3 Indefinite Pronouns.
(1)
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7.3 Articles.
(3)
7.3.1 Definite Articles.
(1)
7.3.2 Indefinite Articles.
(1)
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7.4 Verbs.
(7)
7.4.1 Voice.
(1)
7.4.2 Mood.
(1)
7.4.3 Tense.
(1)
7.4.4 Double Negatives.
(1)
7.4.5 Split Infinitives and Verb Phrases.
(1)
7.4.6 Contractions.
(1)
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7.5 Subject-Verb Agreement.
(12)
7.5.1 Intervening Phrase.
(1)
7.5.2 False Singulars.
(1)
7.5.3 False Plurals.
(1)
7.5.4 Parenthetical Plurals.
(1)
7.5.5 Collective Nouns.
(1)
7.5.6 Compound Subject.
(1)
7.5.7 Shift in Number of Subject and Resultant Subject-Verb Disagreement.
(1)
7.5.8 Subject and Predicate Noun Differ in Number.
(1)
7.5.9 Every and Many a.
(1)
7.5.10 One of Those.
(1)
7.5.11 Number.
(1)
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7.6 Modifiers.
(3)
7.6.1 Misplaced Modifiers.
(1)
7.6.2 Verbal Phrase Danglers.
(1)
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7.7 Diction.
(5)
7.7.1 Homonyms.
(1)
7.7.2 Idioms, Colloquialisms, and Slang.
(1)
7.7.3 Euphemisms.
(1)
7.7.4 Clichés.
(1)
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7.8 Sentences.
(4)
7.8.1 Fragments.
(1)
7.8.2 Run-ons.
(1)
7.8.3 Common Misperceptions About Sentence Beginnings and Endings.
(1)
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7.9 Parallel Construction.
(5)
7.9.1 Correlative Conjunctions.
(1)
7.9.2 Elliptical Comparisons.
(1)
7.9.3 In Series or Comparisons.
(1)
7.9.4 Lists.
(1)
7.10 Paragraphs.
(1)
7.11 Grammar in Social Media.
(1)
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8.0 Punctuation
(54)
8.0 Punctuation.
(1)
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8.1 Period, Question Mark, Exclamation Point.
(4)
8.1.1 Period.
(1)
8.1.2 Question Mark.
(1)
8.1.3 Exclamation Point.
(1)
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8.2 Comma, Semicolon, Colon.
(4)
8.2.1 Comma.
(1)
8.2.2 Semicolon.
(1)
8.2.3 Colon.
(1)
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8.3 Hyphens and Dashes.
(3)
8.3.1 Hyphen.
(1)
8.3.2 Dashes.
(1)
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8.4 Forward Slash (Virgule, Solidus).
(7)
8.4.1 Used to Express Equivalence or Duality.
(1)
8.4.2 Used to Mean per.
(1)
8.4.3 In Dates.
(1)
8.4.4 In Equations.
(1)
8.4.5 Ratios.
(1)
8.4.6 Phonetics, Poetry.
(1)
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8.5 Parentheses and Brackets.
(3)
8.5.1 Parentheses.
(1)
8.5.2 Brackets.
(1)
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8.6 Quotation Marks.
(15)
8.6.1 Quotations.
(1)
8.6.2 Dialogue.
(1)
8.6.3 Titles.
(1)
8.6.4 Single Quotation Marks.
(1)
8.6.5 Placement.
(1)
8.6.6 Omission of Opening or Closing Quotation Marks.
(1)
8.6.7 Coined Words, Slang, or Unfamiliar Terms.
(1)
8.6.8 Apologetic Quotation Marks.
(1)
8.6.9 So-called.
(1)
8.6.10 Common Words Used in a Technical Sense.
(1)
8.6.11 Definition or Translation of Non–English-Language Words.
(1)
8.6.12 Titles.
(1)
8.6.13 Indirect Discourse, Discussions.
(1)
8.6.14 Block Quotations.
(1)
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8.7 Apostrophe.
(7)
8.7.1 To Show Possession.
(1)
8.7.2 Possessive Pronouns.
(1)
8.7.3 Possessive of Compound Terms.
(1)
8.7.4 Joint Possession.
(1)
8.7.5 Using Apostrophes to Form Plurals.
(1)
8.7.6 Units of Time and Money as Possessive Adjectives.
(1)
8.7.7 Prime.
(1)
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8.8 Ellipses.
(9)
8.8.1 Omission Within a Sentence.
(1)
8.8.2 Omission at the End of a Sentence or Between Complete Sentences.
(1)
8.8.3 Grammatically Incomplete Expressions.
(1)
8.8.4 Omissions in Verse.
(1)
8.8.5 Omissions Between or at the Start of Paragraphs.
(1)
8.8.6 Change in Capitalization.
(1)
8.8.7 Omission of Ellipses.
(1)
8.8.8 Avoidance of Ellipses in Tables.
(1)
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9.0 Plurals
(11)
9.0 Plurals.
(1)
9.1 How Plurals Are Formed.
(1)
9.2 Collective Nouns.
(1)
9.3 Parenthetical Plurals.
(1)
9.4 Latin and Greek vs English.
(1)
9.5 Microorganisms.
(1)
9.6 Abbreviations.
(1)
9.7 Plurals of Symbols, Letters, Numbers, and Years.
(1)
9.8 When Not to Use Plurals.
(1)
9.9 False Singulars.
(1)
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10.0 Capitalization
(24)
10.0 Capitalization.
(1)
10.1 First Word of Sentences, Quotations, Titles, and Subtitles.
(1)
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10.2 Titles and Headings.
(4)
10.2.1 Titles of Medical Articles.
(1)
10.2.2 Hyphenated Compounds.
(1)
10.2.3 Titles and Headings of Tables, Figures, or Boxes.
(1)
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10.3 Proper Nouns.
(11)
10.3.1 Geographic Names.
(1)
10.3.2 Sociocultural Designations.
(1)
10.3.3 Events, Awards, and Legislation.
(1)
10.3.4 Eponyms and Words Derived From Proper Nouns.
(1)
10.3.5 Proprietary Names.
(1)
10.3.6 Organisms.
(1)
10.3.7 Seasons, Deities, Holidays.
(1)
10.3.8 Tests.
(1)
10.3.9 Official Names.
(1)
10.3.10 Titles and Degrees of Persons.
(1)
10.4 Designators.
(1)
10.5 Types and Sections of Articles.
(1)
10.6 Acronyms.
(1)
10.7 Capitalized Electronic (Digital) Terms.
(1)
10.8 URLs.
(1)
10.9 Intercapped Compounds.
(1)
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11.0 Correct and Preferred Usage
(24)
11.0 Correct and Preferred Usage.
(1)
11.1 Correct and Preferred Usage of Common Words and Phrases.
(1)
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11.2 Redundant, Expendable, and Incomparable Words and Phrases.
(4)
11.2.1 Redundant Words.
(1)
11.2.2 Expendable Words and Circumlocution.
(1)
11.2.3 Incomparable Words.
(1)
11.3 Spelling and Spacing Variations.
(1)
11.4 Back-formations.
(1)
11.5 Jargon.
(1)
11.6 Administration of Drugs.
(1)
11.7 Age and Sex Referents.
(1)
11.8 Anatomy.
(1)
11.9 Clock Referents.
(1)
11.10 Laboratory Values.
(1)
11.11 Articles.
(1)
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11.12 Inclusive Language.
(8)
11.12.1 Sex/Gender.
(1)
11.12.2 Personal Pronouns.
(1)
11.12.3 Race/Ethnicity.
(1)
11.12.4 Age.
(1)
11.12.5 Socioeconomic Status.
(1)
11.12.6 Terms for Persons With Diseases, Disorders, or Disabilities.
(1)
11.12.7 Sexual Orientation.
(1)
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12.0 Non-English Words, Phrases, and Accent Marks
(5)
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12.1 Non-English Words, Phrases, and Titles.
(3)
12.1.1 Use of Italics.
(1)
12.1.2 Translation of Titles.
(1)
12.1.3 Capitalization and Punctuation.
(1)
12.2 Accent Marks (Diacritics).
(1)
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13.0 Abbreviations
(18)
13.0 Abbreviations.
(1)
13.1 Academic Degrees and Honors.
(1)
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13.2 US Military Services and Titles.
(3)
13.2.1 US Military Services.
(1)
13.2.2 US Military Officer Titles (Grades and Ranks).
(1)
13.3 Days of the Week, Months, Eras.
(1)
13.4 Local Addresses.
(1)
13.5 Cities, States, Counties, Territories, Possessions, Provinces, Countries.
(1)
13.6 Names and Titles of Persons.
(1)
13.7 Commercial Firms.
(1)
13.8 Agencies, Organizations, Foundations, Funding Bodies, and Others.
(1)
13.9 Collaborative Groups.
(1)
13.10 Names of Journals.
(1)
13.11 Clinical, Technical, and Other Common Terms.
(1)
13.12 Units of Measure.
(1)
13.13 Elements and Chemicals.
(1)
13.14 Radioactive Isotopes.
(1)
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14.0 Nomenclature
(97)
14.0 Nomenclature.
(1)
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14.1 Blood Groups, Platelet Antigens, and Granulocyte Antigens.
(3)
14.1.1 Blood Groups.
(1)
14.1.2 Platelet-Specific Antigens.
(1)
14.1.3 Granulocyte Antigens.
(1)
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14.2 Cancer.
(5)
14.2.1 Cancer Stage.
(1)
14.2.2 The TNM Staging System.
(1)
14.2.3 Bethesda System for Cervical Cytology.
(1)
14.2.4 Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia.
(1)
14.2.5 Molecular Cancer Terminology.
(1)
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14.3 Cardiology.
(13)
14.3.1 Electrocardiographic Terms.
(1)
14.3.2 Electrograms.
(1)
14.3.3 Heart Sounds.
(1)
14.3.4 Murmurs.
(1)
14.3.5 Jugular Venous Pulse.
(1)
14.3.6 Echocardiography.
(1)
14.3.7 Pacemaker Codes.
(1)
14.3.8 Implanted Cardioverter-Defibrillators.
(1)
14.3.9 Pacemaker-Lead Code.
(1)
14.3.10 Heart Disease Classifications and Scoring Systems.
(1)
14.3.11 Coronary Artery Angiographic Classifications.
(1)
14.3.12 Cellular and Molecular Cardiology.
(1)
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14.4 Drugs.
(16)
14.4.1 The Drug Development and Approval Process.
(1)
14.4.2 Nonproprietary Names.
(1)
14.4.3 Proprietary Names.
(1)
14.4.4 Chemical Names.
(1)
14.4.5 Code Designations.
(1)
14.4.6 Trivial Names.
(1)
14.4.7 Drugs With Inactive Components.
(1)
14.4.8 Stereoisomers.
(1)
14.4.9 Combination Products.
(1)
14.4.10 Drug Preparation Names That Include a Percentage.
(1)
14.4.11 Multiple-Drug Regimens.
(1)
14.4.12 Drug Abbreviations.
(1)
14.4.13 Nomenclature for Biological Products.
(1)
14.4.14 Vitamins and Related Compounds.
(1)
14.4.15 Herbal and Dietary Supplements.
(1)
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14.5 Equipment, Devices, Reagents, and Software.
(2)
14.5.1 Equipment, Devices, and Reagents.
(1)
14.5.2 Software.
(1)
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14.6 Genetics.
(6)
14.6.1 Nucleic Acids and Amino Acids.
(1)
14.6.2 Human Gene Nomenclature.
(1)
14.6.3 Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes.
(1)
14.6.4 Human Chromosomes.
(1)
14.6.5 Nonhuman Genetic Terms.
(1)
14.6.6 Pedigrees.
(1)
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14.7 Hemostasis.
(5)
14.7.1 Primary Hemostasis (Initiation).
(1)
14.7.2 Endothelial Factors.
(1)
14.7.3 Secondary Hemostasis (Amplification and Propagation).
(1)
14.7.4 Inhibition of Coagulation and Fibrinolysis
(1)
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14.8 Immunology.
(7)
14.8.1 Chemokines.
(1)
14.8.2 CD Cell Markers.
(1)
14.8.3 Complement.
(1)
14.8.4 Cytokines.
(1)
14.8.5 HLA/Major Histocompatibility Complex.
(1)
14.8.6 Immunoglobulins.
(1)
14.8.7 Lymphocytes.
(1)
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14.9 Isotopes.
(8)
14.9.1 Elements.
(1)
14.9.2 Radiopharmaceuticals.
(1)
14.9.3 Radiopharmaceutical Compounds Without Approved Names.
(1)
14.9.4 Radiopharmaceutical Proprietary Names.
(1)
14.9.5 Uniform Labeling.
(1)
14.9.6 Hydrogen Isotopes.
(1)
14.9.7 Metastable Isotopes.
(1)
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14.10 Molecular Medicine.
(4)
14.10.1 Molecular Terminology: Other Sections of Chapter 14.
(1)
14.10.2 Molecular Terms: Considerations and Examples.
(1)
14.10.3 Enzyme Nomenclature.
(1)
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14.11 Neurology.
(5)
14.11.1 Nerves.
(1)
14.11.2 Electroencephalographic Terms.
(1)
14.11.3 Evoked Potentials or Responses.
(1)
14.11.4 Polysomnography and Sleep Stages.
(1)
14.11.5 Molecular Neuroscience.
(1)
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14.12 Obstetric Terms.
(6)
14.12.1 GPA.
(1)
14.12.2 TPAL.
(1)
14.12.3 Apgar Score.
(1)
14.12.4 Birth Weight.
(1)
14.12.5 Term Pregnancy.
(1)
14.13 Ophthalmology Terms.
(1)
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14.14 Organisms and Pathogens.
(4)
14.14.1 Biological Nomenclature.
(1)
14.14.2 Bacteria: Additional Terminology.
(1)
14.14.3 Virus Nomenclature.
(1)
14.14.4 Prions.
(1)
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14.15 Psychiatric Terminology.
(2)
14.15.1 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM).
(1)
14.15.2 Other Psychiatric Terminology.
(1)
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14.16 Pulmonary and Respiratory Terminology.
(4)
14.16.1 Symbols.
(1)
14.16.2 Abbreviations.
(1)
14.16.3 Mechanical Ventilation.
(1)
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14.17 Radiology.
(3)
14.17.1 Radiology Terms.
(1)
14.17.2 Resources.
(1)
14.18 Terminology in Transition: Nephrology.
(1)
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15.0 Eponyms
(4)
15.0 Eponyms.
(1)
15.1 Eponymous vs Noneponymous Terms.
(1)
15.2 Nonpossessive Form.
(1)
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16.0 Greek Letters
(6)
16.0 Greek Letters.
(1)
16.1 Greek Letter vs Word.
(1)
16.2 Capitalization After a Greek Letter.
(1)
16.3 Greek Alphabet.
(1)
16.4 Page Composition and Electronic Formats.
(1)
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17.0 Units of Measure
(36)
17.0 Units of Measure.
(1)
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17.1 SI Units.
(4)
17.1.1 Base Units.
(1)
17.1.2 Derived Units.
(1)
17.1.3 Prefixes
(1)
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17.2 Expressing Unit Names and Symbols.
(3)
17.2.1 Capitalization.
(1)
17.2.2 Products and Quotients of Unit Symbols.
(1)
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17.3 Format, Style, and Punctuation.
(9)
17.3.1 Exponents.
(1)
17.3.2 Plurals.
(1)
17.3.3 Subject-Verb Agreement.
(1)
17.3.4 Spelling Out Units of Measure.
(1)
17.3.5 Abbreviations.
(1)
17.3.6 Punctuation.
(1)
17.3.7 Hyphens.
(1)
17.3.8 Spacing.
(1)
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17.4 Use of Numerals With Units.
(5)
17.4.1 Expressing Quantities.
(1)
17.4.2 Decimal Format.
(1)
17.4.3 Number Spacing.
(1)
17.4.4 Multiplication of Numbers.
(1)
17.4.5 Indexes.
(1)
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17.5 Conventional Units and SI Units in JAMA Network Journals.
(13)
17.5.1 Length, Area, Volume, Mass.
(1)
17.5.2 Temperature.
(1)
17.5.3 Time.
(1)
17.5.4 Visual Acuity.
(1)
17.5.5 Pressure.
(1)
17.5.6 pH.
(1)
17.5.7 Solutions and Concentration.
(1)
17.5.8 Energy.
(1)
17.5.9 Drug Doses.
(1)
17.5.10 Laboratory Values.
(1)
17.5.11 Radiation.
(1)
17.5.12 Currency.
(1)
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18.0 Numbers and Percentages
(25)
18.0 Numbers and Percentages.
(1)
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18.1 Use of Numerals.
(7)
18.1.1 Numbers of 4 or More Digits to Either Side of the Decimal Point.
(1)
18.1.2 Common Fractions.
(1)
18.1.3 Mixed Fractions.
(1)
18.1.4 Measures of Time.
(1)
18.1.5 Measures of Temperature.
(1)
18.1.6 Measures of Currency.
(1)
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18.2 Spelling Out Numbers.
(5)
18.2.1 Beginning a Sentence, Title, Subtitle, or Heading.
(1)
18.2.2 One Used as a Pronoun.
(1)
18.2.3 Accepted Usage.
(1)
18.2.4 Ordinals.
(1)
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18.3 Combining Numerals and Words.
(3)
18.3.1 Rounded Large Numbers.
(1)
18.3.2 Consecutive Numerical Expressions.
(1)
18.4 Use of Digit Spans and Hyphens.
(1)
18.5 Enumerations.
(1)
18.6 Abbreviating Number.
(1)
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18.7 Forms of Numbers.
(5)
18.7.1 Decimals.
(1)
18.7.2 Percentages.
(1)
18.7.3 Reporting Proportions and Percentages.
(1)
18.7.4 Reporting Rates and Ratios.
(1)
18.7.5 Roman Numerals.
(1)
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19.0 Study Design and Statistics
(34)
19.0 Study Design and Statistics.
(1)
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19.1 The Manuscript: Presenting Study Design, Rationale, and Statistical Analysis.
(6)
19.1.1 Abstract.
(1)
19.1.2 Introduction.
(1)
19.1.3 Methods.
(1)
19.1.4 Results.
(1)
19.1.5 Discussion.
(1)
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19.2 Clinical Trials.
(6)
19.2.1 Parallel-Design, Double-blind Trials.
(1)
19.2.2 Crossover Trials.
(1)
19.2.3 Equivalence Trials and Noninferiority Trials.
(1)
19.2.4 Cluster Trials.
(1)
19.2.5 Nonrandomized Trials.
(1)
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19.3 Observational Studies.
(15)
19.3.1 Cohort Studies.
(1)
19.3.2 Case-Control Studies.
(1)
19.3.3 Cross-sectional Studies.
(1)
19.3.4 Case Series.
(1)
19.3.5 Comparative Effectiveness Studies.
(1)
19.3.6 Meta-analyses.
(1)
19.3.7 Economic Analyses.
(1)
19.3.8 Studies of Diagnostic and Prognostic Tests.
(1)
19.3.9 Survey Studies.
(1)
19.3.10 Qualitative Research.
(1)
19.3.11 Quality Improvement Studies.
(1)
19.3.12 Ecologic Studies.
(1)
19.3.13 Mendelian Randomization Studies.
(1)
19.3.14 Mediation Analysis.
(1)
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19.4 Significant Digits and Rounding Numbers.
(3)
19.4.1 Significant Digits.
(1)
19.4.2 Rounding.
(1)
19.5 Glossary of Statistical Terms.
(1)
19.6 Statistical Symbols and Abbreviations.
(1)
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20.0 Mathematical Composition
(13)
20.0 Mathematical Composition.
(1)
20.1 Displayed vs Run-in.
(1)
20.2 Stacked vs Unstacked Fractions or Formulas.
(1)
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20.3 Exponents.
(3)
20.3.1 Fractional Exponents vs Radicals.
(1)
20.3.2 Negative Exponents.
(1)
20.3.3 Logarithmic Expressions.
(1)
20.4 Long Formulas.
(1)
20.5 Expressing Multiplication and Division.
(1)
20.6 Commonly Used Symbols.
(1)
20.7 Typography and Capitalization.
(1)
20.8 Punctuation.
(1)
20.9 Spacing With Mathematical Symbols.
(1)
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21.0 Editing, Proofreading, Tagging, and Display
(19)
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21.1 Electronic Editing.
(2)
21.1.1 Editing With XML.
(1)