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Abbreviating Number.  

Edward H. Livingston

in AMA Manual of Style: A Guide for Authors and Editors (11th edn)

Print Publication Year: 
Feb 2020
Published Online: 
Feb 2020
DOI: 
10.1093/jama/9780190246556.003.0018.021.0007
Item type: 
section
The word number may be abbreviated No. in the body of tables and line art or in the text when used as a specific designator. Do not use the number sign (#) in place of the abbreviation; this could be confused with the hashtag (#) used in social media. The word ...

Abbreviations  

Brenda Gregoline

in AMA Manual of Style: A Guide for Authors and Editors (11th edn)

Print Publication Year: 
Feb 2020
Published Online: 
Feb 2020
eISBN: 
9780197507827
DOI: 
10.1093/jama/9780190246556.003.0013
Item type: 
chapter
ISBN: 
9780190246556
The Abbreviations chapter of the 11th edition of the AMA Manual of Style begins by distinguishing between abbreviations, acronyms, and initialisms and cautions against overuse of ... More

Abbreviations.  

Lauren Fischer and Paul Frank

in AMA Manual of Style: A Guide for Authors and Editors (11th edn)

Print Publication Year: 
Feb 2020
Published Online: 
Feb 2020
DOI: 
10.1093/jama/9780190246556.003.0017.022.0013
Item type: 
section
Most units of measure are abbreviated when used with numerals or in a virgule construction. Certain units of measure should be spelled out at first mention, with the abbreviated form in parentheses. Thereafter, the abbreviated form should be used in text (see 14.12, Units of Measure)....

Abbreviations.  

Stacy Christiansen and Connie Manno

in AMA Manual of Style: A Guide for Authors and Editors (11th edn)

Print Publication Year: 
Feb 2020
Published Online: 
Feb 2020
DOI: 
10.1093/jama/9780190246556.003.0004.022.0135
Item type: 
section
Within the body of the table and in column and row headings, units of measure and numbers normally spelled out may be abbreviated for space considerations (see 13.12, Abbreviations, Units of Measure; 17.0, Units of Measure; and 18.0, Numbers and Percentages). However, spelled-out words should not be combined with abbreviations for units of measure. For example, “First Week” or “1st wk” or “Week 1” may be used as a column heading, but not “First wk.” Abbreviations or acronyms (but not abbreviations used to indicate units of measure) should be explained in a footnote (...

Abbreviations.  

Brenda Gregoline

in AMA Manual of Style: A Guide for Authors and Editors (11th edn)

Print Publication Year: 
Feb 2020
Published Online: 
Feb 2020
DOI: 
10.1093/jama/9780190246556.003.0013.021.0037
Item type: 
section
To the Editor.—It seems to me that at the time that there are articles being considered (ABC), dutifully edited (DE), and found good (FG) for publication, an editor may show hesitation to interfere judiciously (HIJ), perhaps because he thinks his knowledge lacking (KL) compared with that of eminent members of national organizations (MNO), and, therefore, for the sake of peace, quiet, and restraint (PQR), he sets the text in unaltered version (STUV), thus failing to act the wise xenogogue (WX) and meekly accepting the yoke of zeitgeist (YZ)....

Abbreviations.  

Cheryl Iverson

in AMA Manual of Style: A Guide for Authors and Editors (11th edn)

Print Publication Year: 
Feb 2020
Published Online: 
Feb 2020
DOI: 
10.1093/jama/9780190246556.003.0014.022.0087
Item type: 
section
Table 14.6-2 lists some common abbreviations from pulmonary function testing; they should always be expanded at first mention.

Abbreviations.  

Cheryl Iverson

in AMA Manual of Style: A Guide for Authors and Editors (11th edn)

Print Publication Year: 
Feb 2020
Published Online: 
Feb 2020
DOI: 
10.1093/jama/9780190246556.003.0002.022.0312
Item type: 
section
Avoid the use of abbreviations in the title and subtitle, unless space considerations require an exception or unless the title or subtitle includes the name of an entity or a group that is best known by its acronym. In both cases, the abbreviation should be expanded in the abstract and at the first appearance in the text (...

Abbreviations.  

Brenda Gregoline

in AMA Manual of Style: A Guide for Authors and Editors (11th edn)

Print Publication Year: 
Feb 2020
Published Online: 
Feb 2020
DOI: 
10.1093/jama/9780190246556.003.0009.021.0007
Item type: 
section
For most all-capital abbreviations, the plural is formed by adding a lowercase s. Do not use an apostrophe before the s (see 8.7.5, Using Apostrophes to Form Plurals). Note: When plural all-capital abbreviations are found in an all-capital setting, such as a heading, the plural ...

Abstract.  

Edward H. Livingston

in AMA Manual of Style: A Guide for Authors and Editors (11th edn)

Print Publication Year: 
Feb 2020
Published Online: 
Feb 2020
DOI: 
10.1093/jama/9780190246556.003.0019.022.0002
Item type: 
section
Many readers will read only the abstract of a research article, so it should include as precise a summary of the content as possible. In addition, because readers may decide to review the entire article based on information in the abstract, it should be well written and carefully constructed....

Abstract.  

Cheryl Iverson

in AMA Manual of Style: A Guide for Authors and Editors (11th edn)

Print Publication Year: 
Feb 2020
Published Online: 
Feb 2020
DOI: 
10.1093/jama/9780190246556.003.0002.021.0037
Item type: 
section
In this age of electronic data dissemination and retrieval, in which abstracts are indexed and freely available, a well-written abstract is important in directing readers to articles of potential clinical and research interest and also for discoverability via online searching. The abstract of a research report summarizes the main points of an article: (1) the study objective or importance, (2) the study design and methods, (3) the primary results, and (4) the principal conclusions. Some journals may include funding at the end of the abstract or in the Methods section; others, like the JAMA Network journals, include this information in the Acknowledgment section (...

Abstracts From Another Source.  

Lauren Fischer and Paul Frank

in AMA Manual of Style: A Guide for Authors and Editors (11th edn)

Print Publication Year: 
Feb 2020
Published Online: 
Feb 2020
DOI: 
10.1093/jama/9780190246556.003.0003.022.0077
Item type: 
section
Several types of published abstracts may be cited: (1) an abstract of a complete article republished from another publication (perhaps accompanied by a commentary), (2) an abstract of an online-only article published in the print version of a journal to alert print-only readers, (3) a translated abstract published with full-text article in a different language, and (4) an abstract published in the society proceedings or other collection of a journal. (For examples of abstracts presented at meetings, published or unpublished, ...

Academic Degrees and Honors.  

Brenda Gregoline

in AMA Manual of Style: A Guide for Authors and Editors (11th edn)

Print Publication Year: 
Feb 2020
Published Online: 
Feb 2020
DOI: 
10.1093/jama/9780190246556.003.0013.021.0038
Item type: 
section
Academic degrees are abbreviated in bylines and in the text when used with the full name of a person (see 13.6, Names and Titles of Persons). In some circumstances, however, use of the abbreviation alone is acceptable (eg, Krystal Goderitch is a doctor of medicine and also holds a PhD in biochemistry) (...

Academic Degrees.  

Cheryl Iverson

in AMA Manual of Style: A Guide for Authors and Editors (11th edn)

Print Publication Year: 
Feb 2020
Published Online: 
Feb 2020
DOI: 
10.1093/jama/9780190246556.003.0002.022.0017
Item type: 
section
Journals should establish their own policies on the inclusion of authors’ academic degrees. The policy of the JAMA Network journals is as follows: The highest degree or professional certification follows each author’s name. If an author holds 2 doctoral degrees (eg, MD and PhD, MD and JD), either or both may be used, in the order preferred by the author. If the author has a doctorate, degrees at the master’s level are not usually included, although exceptions may be made when the master’s degree represents a specialized field or a field different from that represented by the doctorate (eg, MD, MPH)....

Accent Marks (Diacritics).  

Brenda Gregoline

in AMA Manual of Style: A Guide for Authors and Editors (11th edn)

Print Publication Year: 
Feb 2020
Published Online: 
Feb 2020
DOI: 
10.1093/jama/9780190246556.003.0012.021.0036
Item type: 
section
An accent mark (diacritic) added to a letter indicates a phonetic value different from that of the unmarked letter. Many words once spelled with accent marks (eg, cooperate, preeminent, debride, Meniere disease) now are written and printed without them. Consult the most recent edition of ...

Accepted Usage.  

Edward H. Livingston

in AMA Manual of Style: A Guide for Authors and Editors (11th edn)

Print Publication Year: 
Feb 2020
Published Online: 
Feb 2020
DOI: 
10.1093/jama/9780190246556.003.0018.022.0011
Item type: 
section
Spell out numbers for generally accepted usage, such as idiomatic expressions. One frequently appears in running text without referring to a quantity per se and may appear awkward if expressed as a numeral. When one may be replaced by a or a single without changing the meaning, the word ...

Access to Data Requirement.  

Annette Flanagin

in AMA Manual of Style: A Guide for Authors and Editors (11th edn)

Print Publication Year: 
Feb 2020
Published Online: 
Feb 2020
DOI: 
10.1093/jama/9780190246556.003.0005.022.0194
Item type: 
section
For all reports, regardless of funding source, that contain original data (research and systematic reviews), at least 1 named author should indicate that she or he “had full access to all the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis”...

Access to Data Statement.  

Annette Flanagin

in AMA Manual of Style: A Guide for Authors and Editors (11th edn)

Print Publication Year: 
Feb 2020
Published Online: 
Feb 2020
DOI: 
10.1093/jama/9780190246556.003.0005.022.0170
Item type: 
section
The ICMJE recommends that journals ask authors whether they “had access to the study data, with an explanation of the nature and extent of access, including whether access is on-going.”9 Consistent with this recommendation, the JAMA Network journals require at least 1 named author (eg, the principal investigator), and preferably no more than 2 authors, to indicate that she or he had full access to all the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis for all reports that contain original data (eg, research articles, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses). This information should be published in the Acknowledgment section (...

Acknowledging Manuscript Receipt.  

Annette Flanagin

in AMA Manual of Style: A Guide for Authors and Editors (11th edn)

Print Publication Year: 
Feb 2020
Published Online: 
Feb 2020
DOI: 
10.1093/jama/9780190246556.003.0005.022.0241
Item type: 
section
Journals should send a notice to authors to acknowledge receipt of their manuscripts and provide names and contact information of relevant editorial staff. Acknowledgment letters may be sent automatically from manuscript submission systems, usually after an author has viewed the submission and confirmed that it is complete....

Acknowledging Support, Assistance, and Contributions of Those Who Are Not Authors.  

Annette Flanagin

in AMA Manual of Style: A Guide for Authors and Editors (11th edn)

Print Publication Year: 
Feb 2020
Published Online: 
Feb 2020
DOI: 
10.1093/jama/9780190246556.003.0005.022.0166
Item type: 
section
In the Acknowledgment, authors identify important sources of financial and material support and assistance and give credit to all persons who have made substantial contributions to the work but who are not authors.1 , 2 Contributions commonly recognized in the Acknowledgment section include the following:...

Acknowledgment  

JAMA Network Editors (ed.)

in AMA Manual of Style: A Guide for Authors and Editors (11th edn)

Print Publication Year: 
Feb 2020
Published Online: 
Feb 2020
eISBN: 
9780197507827
DOI: 
10.1093/jama/9780190246556.003.0014.023.2057
Item type: 
section
ISBN: 
9780190246556

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